Sleep Apnea Syndrome Signs and Symptoms: Heavy snoring and breath holding episodes during sleep. Clinical: Can cause increase in daytime fatigue and sleepiness, auto accidents, high blood pressure, congestive heart failure, heart attacks, depressive symptoms, dementia. Diagnosis: Polysomnogram (Sleep Study) Treatment: CPAP, BiPAP, Mandibular Devices, rarely surgery
Upper Airway Resistance Syndrome Signs and Symptoms: Heavy snoring and frequent brain arousals Clinical: Can cause increased daytime sleepiness, fatigue, and auto accidents Diagnosis: Polysomnogram Treatment: CPAP
Excessive Snoring Signs and Symptoms: Heavy snoring Clinical: Socially disruptive snoring resulting in poor sleep of bedfellows Diagnosis: Polysomnogram to exclude sleep apnea Treatment: varies
Idiopathic Hypersomnia Definition: Excessive daytime sleepiness despite enough sleep time on regular basis Clinical: Can cause increase in motor vehicle accidents, social, school, and job dysfunctions Diagnosis: Polysomnogram and Multiple Sleep Latency Test Treatment: Counseling, Medications
Narcolepsy Definition: Excessive sleepiness and fatigue with or without sleep paralysis, sleep hallucinations, and episodes of sudden muscle weakness Clinical: Can cause increase in motor vehicle accidents, social, school, and job dysfunctions Diagnosis: Polysomnogram and Multiple Sleep Latency Test Treatment: counseling, medications
Periodic Limb Movement Definition: Sleep disruptions caused by increase in nocturnal muscle activity in arms and legs causing increase in daytime fatigue and inappropriate sleepiness Clinical: Can cause increase in motor vehicle accidents, social, school, and job dysfunctions Diagnosis: Polysomnogram Treatment: counseling, medications, other devices
Parasomnia NREM Definition: Intrusion of wakefulness behavior during non-REM (non-dream) sleep. (e.g. sleepwalking, sleep eating) Treatment: avoiding triggers, counseling, treatment
REM Sleep behavior disorder Definition: Acting out dreams during REM (dream) sleep Clinical: Parasomnia can result in injury during sleep to self and/or others Diagnosis: Polysomnogram Treatment: counseling, medications
Sleep-Wake Cycle Disorders Definition: Unusual sleep cycles not conforming to regular night sleep cycle Clinical: Can result in inappropriate sleepiness during morning hours or late afternoon hours. e.g. night-owls, early-birds, shiftworkers. May result in social, school and job dysfunction Diagnosis: Sleep Diary Treatment: counseling, light therapy, medications
Disorders of Initiating and Mantaining Sleep (Insomnia) Definition: Inability to obtain a refreshing good night sleep on regular basis due to various causes including psychiatric and non-psychiatric problems Clinical: Can cause increase in daytime fatigue and poor vigilance resulting in social and job dysfunction Diagnosis: Clinical evaluation Treatment: Cognitive behavioral therapy, sleep hygiene, rarely medications
Nocturnal Seizures Definition: Seizure activity during sleep Diagnosis: Extended polysomnogram Treatment by neurologist
What are the indications for a sleep apnea study/polysomnography?